德国慕尼黑国家考古收藏馆 / ATELIER BRÜCKNER

位于慕尼黑英国花园附近的巴伐利亚州考古收藏馆焕发出新的光彩。该馆于 2024 年4月15日在一场盛大的开幕仪式上重新开放，巴伐利亚州总理马库斯·索德尔（Markus Söder）和部长马库斯·布卢姆（Markus Blume）出席了仪式。从4月17日起，该馆将向来自世界各地的游客敞开大门。
The Bavarian State Archaeological Collection, located near the English Garden in Munich, shines in new splendour. It was reopened on 15 April in a state ceremony attended by Bavarian Prime Minister Markus Söder and Minister of State Markus Blume. From 17 April, the doors will be open to visitors from all over the world.

这座建筑自1976年以来一直是巴伐利亚州收藏馆的所在地，其引人注目的耐候钢立面（建筑设计：von Werz, Ottow, Bachmann and Marx）经过Nieto Sobejano Arquitectos的全面翻新，并扩建出一个新的特别展览区和一个带餐饮服务的屋顶露台。新常设展览的展览概念和设计由ATELIER BRÜCKNER打造。馆内展出了超过15,000件人类历史上的文物——每一件都独一无二，并被置于相应背景之中。
The building with its striking Corten steel façade (architecture: von Werz, Ottow, Bachmann and Marx), home to the Bavarian State Collection since 1976, was extensively refurbished by Nieto Sobejano Arquitectos and extended to include a new area for special exhibitions and a catered roof terrace. The exhibition concept and design of the new permanent exhibition were created by ATELIER BRÜCKNER. More than 15,000 artefacts from the history of mankind – each of them unique are placed in context.

参观路线覆盖超过1,200平方米的展览空间，分为两条游览线路，每条线路包含五个主题展厅，传达考古学和历史知识。第一部分专注于考古学作为一门科学的主要方面和方法。第二部分则是对馆藏的展示。
The visitor routing, which covers more than 1,200 square metres of exhibition space, is divided into two tours, each with five themed rooms that convey archaeological and historical facts. The first part is dedicated to the main aspects and methods of archaeology as a science. The second part is a presentation of the collection.

这两部分的内容都由中央楼梯处的一个媒体装置串联起来。在这个装置中，“权力”“统治”“价值”和“信仰”等词汇如同考古层中的沉积物般依次呈现。
The content of both parts is framed by a media installation in the central staircase. Falling terms are deposited in archaeological layers, including power, domination, values and faith.

所有展厅的基本设计元素是一个方格网格，这一元素源自受保护建筑的原有结构。它体现在每个展厅约十一平方米的平面布局以及引人注目的天花板横梁上。各个展厅的独立叙事都基于这个网格展开，每个展陈都是独立的单元。展厅之间通过光隙或中庭在建筑上进行分隔。
The basic design element of all the rooms is a square grid, given by the listed architecture. It is present in the floor plan each room measures approximately eleven by eleven square metres and the striking ceiling beams. Individual room narratives have been developed based on this grid. Each staging is self contained. The rooms are architecturally separated from each other by light gaps or atriums.

考古学始于从地下发现的一件文物及其解读。在第一条游览线中，游客将了解考古学的方法，并通过科学发现获取更多知识。展品被放置在展厅中央，相关信息以墙面展示的形式对展品进行解读。随着游览的深入，展厅的地面逐渐“打开”，露出更多的“发掘现场”。
Archaeology begins with an artefact found in the ground and its interpretation. On the first tour, visitors are introduced to the methods of archaeology and learn more about the insights that science can gain from the finds. The exhibits are placed in the centre of the room. Information is displayed on the walls as an interpretation of the objects. During the tour, the floor of the exhibition opens up more and more to reveal the excavations.

在第一个展厅“人类”中，只有部分地面被打开。“铲子”揭示了杰出文物，这些文物提供了关于人类自我认知的信息。
In the first room, “Humankind”, only small sections of the floor are open. The ‘spades’ reveal outstanding objects, that provide information about the self image of mankind.

第二个展厅“时间与宇宙”展示了时间在考古学中的重要性。展品沿着一个滴答作响的时钟呈半圆形排列，光线从时钟射出。展柜的高度象征着文物在地下埋藏的时间，展台让人联想到沉积层。我们对时间的认知是文物分类和归类的基础。
Room 2 “Time & Cosmos” illustrates the importance of time in archaeology. The objects are arranged in a semicircle along a ticking time clock with rays of light. The height of the display cases symbolises the time the objects spent in the earth. The plinths are reminiscent of layers of sediment. Our idea of time is fundamental for the categorisation and classification of the finds.

通过一个中庭（其中展示了一个保存完好的慕尼黑玛丽恩霍夫井筒，作为一件大型展品，该井筒可追溯至13世纪），游客将进入“保护与研究”展厅。这里重点展示考古学的方法。中央展品是一块来自巴伐利亚迪根多夫地区奥青镇的发掘土块，其中包含早期凯尔特时期的墓葬发现，该发现因其在中欧地区的独特保存状态而备受关注。
Via an atrium, in which an impressively preserved well shaft from Munich’s Marienhof is presented as a large exhibit (13th century), visitors reach the “Preserving and Investigating” room. Here, the methods of archaeology take centre stage. The central exhibit is an excavation block from Otzing in the Bavarian district of Deggendorf. The burial find from the early Celtic period is unique in its preservation in Central Europe.

随着展览的推进，地面开口逐渐变大。在“故事”展厅中，地面展示柜塑造了空间，游客可以走在上面。这里的展品真正位于游客的脚下。文物所处的背景、组成和状态为解读过去发生的事情提供了基础。周围的长椅配备了媒体显示屏，提供有关展品的深入信息。
As the exhibition tour progresses, the floor openings widen. The “Stories” room impresses with its floor showcases that shape the space and can be walked on. The exhibits here are literally at the visitor’s feet. The context, composition and condition of the artefacts form the basis for an interpretation of what happened in the past. A surrounding bench is equipped with media displays that provide in-depth information on the artefacts on display.

在最后一个主题展厅“死亡与埋葬”中，游客通过一座人行天桥进入一个发掘现场，这里只能通过人行天桥进入。裸露的地面构成了“考古地形”。设计理念是一个发掘现场景观。
In the last themed room, entitled “Death and Burial”, visitors enter an excavation site, accessible only via a footbridge. The exposed floor forms the “archaeological terrain”. The design idea is the excavation landscape.

墓葬是考古信息最重要的来源之一。在这里，游客可以了解人类遗骸能为科学提供的信息。来自达豪沼泽地（公元13至14世纪）的一具木乃伊是该馆的主要亮点之一。
Burials are one of the most important sources of archaeological information. Here, visitors learn about the information science gathers from human remains. A mummy from the Dachauer Moos (13th-14th centuries AD), is one of the museum’s main attractions.

文物被埋在地下。大型背光图形面板（可激活）以视觉化、图示化的方式进行分类展示，其设计对年轻人尤其具有吸引力。这种漫画式的语言由插画师弗兰克·施莫尔克（Frank Schmolke）创作。
The finds are buried in the ground. Large, backlit graphic panels, which can be activated, offer a visual-illustrative classification, the design of which is particularly appealing to young people. Their comic-like language was created by illustrator Frank Schmolke.

游览在第二个中庭结束，中庭展示了一块罗马地板马赛克（公元3世纪），这块马赛克来自埃希施泰特地区的一座罗马别墅。
The tour ends in the second atrium, which displays a Roman floor mosaic (3rd century AD). It comes from a Roman villa in district of Eichstätt.

第二条参观路线（位于楼上）展示了博物馆的馆藏。其设计特点是有许多展柜，其中大部分为壁挂式展柜。第一个展厅“生命之基”聚焦于巴伐利亚人类生活的迹象。日常用品，如储物罐和工具，让人们对过去的生活条件有了深入了解。
The second visitor routing (on the upper floor) presents the museum’s collections. The design is characterised by collection display cases, most of which are wall mounted. The first room, ‘The Basis of Life’, focuses on signs of human life in Bavaria. Everyday objects such as storage vessels and tools provide an insight into the living conditions of the past.

相邻的主题展厅“物品的价值”让人联想到一个金库，不同金属制成的硬币、珠宝和武器揭示了它们在各自时代的重要性。
In the adjoining themed room “The Value of Things”, which is reminiscent of a vault, coins, jewellery and weapons made of different metals reveal their significance in the respective eras.

有一个单独的展厅专门介绍罗马人。“全球强国罗马”展示了巴伐利亚大部分地区曾属于罗马帝国的时期，而随后的展厅“我、我们与他人”则聚焦于身份认同。分配给人物轮廓的物品揭示了个人在社会中的地位。游客可以在黑色玻璃表面中看到自己的倒影，从而将自己融入到展陈之中。
A separate room is dedicated to the Romans. “Global Power Rome” looks at the time when large parts of Bavaria belonged to the Roman Empire, while the following room, “I, We and the Others”, is all about identity. Objects assigned to silhouettes say something about the position of individual people in society. The visitors are reflected in dark glass surfaces and are thus themselves integrated into the staging.

楼上的游览路线以“信仰与宗教”展厅结束。该展厅展示了人类历史上的各种信仰形式，包括陨落的神灵。一件罗马朱庇特柱的残片被放置在展厅中央，游客可以在一个小型的复制品上重新组装这些残片。
The “Faith and Religion” room marks the end of the tour on the upper floor. It presents various forms of faith in the history of mankind. These include fallen gods. The fragments of a Roman Jupiter column are placed in the centre of the room. Visitors to the exhibition can assemble them – on a small-scale replica.

最后，带有文字下落动画的楼梯将游客引导至屋顶露台。
Finally, the staircase with the falling words media installation takes visitors to the roof terrace.

该展览让巴伐利亚州考古学的所有部门的展品相互对话。来自史前时期、罗马时代、中世纪和现代，来自地中海和近东地区，以及钱币学的文物，在富有表现力的空间画面中成为亮点。
The exhibition allows exhibits from all departments of the Bavarian State Archaeology to enter into dialogue. The objects from prehistory, Roman times, the Middle Ages and modern times, the Mediterranean and the Near East as well as numismatics are the attraction within the expressive spatial images.

慕尼黑巴伐利亚州考古收藏馆既是一个收藏机构，也是一个博物馆。在幕后，一组科学家和修复师致力于保存和研究在巴伐利亚全境发掘出的考古宝藏。在博物馆中，特别的文物被展出，作为面向“外部世界”的展示窗口。展出的艺术品、日常用品、陪葬品和珍宝让巴伐利亚的历史以及曾生活在这里的人们的日常生活生动起来。从25万年前到今天，历史变得触手可及。
The Bavarian State Archaeological Collection in Munich is both a collection and a museum. Behind the scenes, a team of scientists and restorers work to preserve and study the archaeological treasures found in excavations throughout Bavaria. In the museum, special artefacts are on display, serving as a kind of showcase to the ‘outside world’. The art and everyday objects, burial objects and treasures on display bring to life the history of Bavaria and the everyday life of the people who lived here. History becomes tangible from its beginnings 250,000 years ago to the present day.